Chapter 3 of 11 in the Personal Finance Curriculum.
Investing Basics
Understand the fundamentals before you put money to work.
What you'll learn
- How ISAs and index funds work for UK investors
- Why low-cost passive funds beat most active managers
- How to read an ETF factsheet before you buy
- The power of compound interest over time

Beginner's Guide to Investing UK
ArticleEverything you need to know to start investing in the UK, from ISAs to index funds.
Saving vs investing
Short LessonUnderstand the core difference between saving and investing, and when each is right.

How to Start Investing in Index Funds UK
ArticleA step-by-step walkthrough of opening an account and buying your first index fund.
What is the stock market?
Short LessonUnderstand what the stock market is and how owning a share means owning a slice of a company.

Low Cost Index Funds
ArticleWhy low-cost index funds are the simplest and most effective way to invest.
What is a bond?
Short LessonUnderstand what a bond is - lending money rather than owning a slice of a company.
Compound Interest Calculator
See how your investments grow over time with regular contributions and compounding.
Read the guideWhat is an index fund?
Short LessonUnderstand what an index fund is and why its low cost matters so much.

How to Read an ETF Factsheet
ArticleLearn to decode the key numbers on an ETF factsheet before you buy.
ETF vs index fund (and shares), explained
Short LessonUnderstand the difference between funds, ETFs and individual shares for a beginner.

Popular UCITS ETFs for UK Investors
Article10 widely held UCITS ETFs and what makes each one worth knowing about.
Active vs passive investing
Short LessonUnderstand active versus passive investing and why low-cost passive usually wins over time.

Accumulation vs Income ETFs
ArticleHow Acc and Dist ETFs handle dividends, tax differences, and which type suits you.
What is volatility? Risk and reward explained
Short LessonUnderstand risk, reward and volatility - why prices move and why that is normal.

VHYL vs VWRL
ArticleHigh-dividend yield vs total market - which Vanguard ETF is the better choice?
Why fees matter
Short LessonUnderstand why investment fees matter so much over time - the silent wealth-killer.

Understanding Investment Returns
ArticleCAGR, IRR, and TWRR explained - know which return metric to use and when.
Diversification
Short LessonUnderstand diversification - why spreading money reduces risk without giving up growth.

Reasonable Rate of Return
ArticleWhat returns should UK investors actually expect? The gap between the 10% headline and reality.
Introduction to fundamental analysis
Short LessonUnderstand what fundamental analysis is, how it differs from speculation, and a few plain-English metrics it uses.
Knowledge check
Test what you learned
1. What is an index fund?
2. Why do low-cost passive funds tend to beat most active managers over the long run?
3. What is the main benefit of an ISA for a UK investor?