Auto-Enrolment: How Britain Became a Nation of Investors

Auto-enrolment, switched on in 2012 and rolled out to every employer by 2018, quietly turned around 10 million UK workers into stock market investors. Almost none of them would have signed up voluntarily.

The policy is built on a single behavioural insight: most people accept the default. Make the default "enrolled" instead of "opted out", and roughly 90% of workers stay in.

Auto-enrolment is the most consequential cross-party financial policy of the last fifty years. Cameron, May, Johnson, Sunak and Starmer have all backed it without serious public debate.

The political bargain is hidden in plain sight: as workers fund their own retirement through equities, future arguments for tax-funded pension generosity get harder to make, not easier.